I can solve this. I have 5+ years of experience working with Magento.
I can develop magento modules, and have done integration between Magento and company specific business systems, so I have solved similar problems to this one. I saw some things were in russian, I am swedish but can read in russian it might prove helpfull.
There are different ways to solve this. As I understood it, this is just showing information to the customer it does not change things like pricing or whether it is possible to order or not.
There are many ways to solve this, the simplest is to change the phtml-files in the template and make a Magento module that does a lookup in the csv file to decide which information to show regarding delivery time for each view,it might require hole punching. A solution like this will slow down load time. An alternative solution is to dedicate a div on the different pages like PRODUCT PAGE, CATEGORY PAGE etc. and then make a ajax request and fetch the information after page load, this will not slow down page load.
The fastest possible way to solve this, is probably to save the delivery time on each store view / region in magento somewhere, then it will be included in Magentos standard caching functionality. Too avoid having to make lookups in a csv file. Lets say instead of using a csv file, one store the data as a static block for each storage location.
If a product is stored in Temirtau, it loads a static block that is called, lets say shipping-table-temirtaut....